Runny nose, constant sneezing, red, irritated eyes... Spring is here, and with it its share of inconveniences for the millions of French people affected by seasonal allergies. Faced with the limitations of conventional treatments and their often annoying side effects, aromatherapy is emerging as a promising natural alternative.
Recent research confirms the efficacy of specific essential oils, notably Tarragon(Artemisia dracunculus), Eucalyptus radiata and Tansy (Tanacetum annuum), thanks to their antihistaminic, anti-inflammatory and decongestant properties. But can they really replace conventional antihistamines? That's what we'll find out in this comprehensive article.
Seasonal allergies, also known as allergic rhinitis or hay fever, result from an over-reaction of the immune system to harmless allergens such as pollen. When these particles come into contact with the mucous membranes, they trigger the release of histamine, the main mediator of allergic symptoms.
This molecule triggers a cascade of reactions: blood vessels dilate, vascular permeability increases and smooth muscles contract. This explains the symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose and itching that are characteristic of allergies.
In 2025, forecasts by the French National Aerobiological Monitoring Network (RNSA) indicate an early start to the pollen season due to global warming. Here are the main periods to watch:
Pollen concentrations vary from region to region, with the highly allergenic ragweed particularly prevalent in southern France and the Rhône Valley.
To distinguish an allergy from a common cold, look for these characteristic signs:
If you experience these symptoms repeatedly, an allergy test can confirm the diagnosis.
Conventional antihistamines work by blocking histamine receptors (mainly H1), thus preventing this molecule from triggering allergic symptoms. They are generally effective in relieving sneezing, runny nose and itching, but less effective against nasal congestion.
Despite their effectiveness, conventional antihistamines have a number of drawbacks:
Over time, many patients find that the efficacy of antihistamines diminishes, necessitating higher doses or changes of molecule. This addiction, combined with side effects, leads many people to seek more natural alternatives.
Essential oils act on allergy symptoms through a number of complementary mechanisms:
Anti-inflammatory action
Several essential oils have significant anti-inflammatory properties that help reduce inflammation of the respiratory tract. The essential oils of Balsam Fir(Abies balsamea), Tansy(Tanacetum annuum) and Peppermint(Mentha x piperita) are particularly well known for these effects.
This anti-inflammatory action is comparable, albeit less powerful, to that of the corticoids used in conventional treatments.
Natural antihistamine effect
Histamine is the main mediator of allergic reactions, responsible for symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose and itching. Certain essential oils such as peppermint(Mentha x piperita) andtarragon(Artemisia dracunculus) have natural antihistaminic properties.
Tarragon, for example, contains coumarin, an aromatic substance believed to reduce histamine release, as well as flavonoids that combat allergic symptoms (note that flavonoids, which are non-volatile, are not found in the essential oil). These compounds act as natural antihistamines, partially blocking histamine receptors or limiting its production by mast cells.
Decongestant properties
Nasal congestion is one of the most uncomfortable symptoms of seasonal allergies. Essential oils of Eucalyptusradiata, Thymus vulgaris and Rosemary cineoliferum exert a powerful decongestant action to help clear the respiratory tract.
Eucalyptus radiata, in particular, contains 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), an active ingredient with expectorant, mucolytic and anti-inflammatory properties. These molecules facilitate the elimination of mucus and promote better breathing, providing considerable relief for sufferers of allergic rhinitis.
A recent university thesis (2023) from the University of Rennes analyzed the role of aromatherapy in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. This study concluded that three essential oils have proven their efficacy and safety in humans: German chamomile,Eucalyptus radiata and peppermint.
Other clinical studies have also shown promising results:
References to these studies are given at the end of the article.
Tarragon(Artemisia dracunculus) is a plant of the Asteraceae family whose essential oil is of particular interest for seasonal allergies. Rich in methyl-ether phenols, notably estragol (methyl-chavicol), tarragon essential oil has antispasmodic and anti-allergic properties that are particularly useful against allergic rhinitis.
Recommended use:
Cautions : Not recommended for pregnant and breast-feeding women, or for children under 12.
Roman chamomile(Anthemis nobilis) essential oil is particularly indicated for the cutaneous manifestations of allergies. It can be applied locally at the first signs of allergy (redness, itching).
Recommended use :
Cautions : May cause drowsiness, avoid before driving.
Less well-known but highly effective, annual tansy(Tanacetum annuum) essential oil has powerful anti-histaminic and anti-inflammatory properties.
Recommended use:
Cautions : Not recommended for pregnant women, children under 6 and people with epilepsy.
Radiant Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus radiata) is one of the best-documented essential oils for its effectiveness against respiratory allergies. One clinical study demonstrated its efficacy when used alone, which is rare in aromatherapy, where most studies focus on blends.
Eucalyptus radiata essential oil mainly contains 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol), a molecule with expectorant, mucolytic, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and immunostimulant properties.
Recommended use:
Cautions : Not recommended for infants under 3 months and pregnant women under 3 months.
Ravintsara(Cinnamomum camphora) is renowned for its antiviral properties, but it also has interesting anti-inflammatory properties for respiratory allergies.
Recommended use:
Cautions: Generally well tolerated, but not recommended for infants under 3 months or pregnant women under 3 months.
Scots pine(Pinus sylvestris) and maritime pine(Pinus pinaster) are particularly effective for clearing the respiratory tract and calming bronchial inflammation.
Recommended use :
Cautions : Not recommended for pregnant and breast-feeding women or children under 6.
True Lavender(Lavandula angustifolia) is renowned for its soothing, anti-inflammatory properties, particularly useful for calming allergy-related skin irritations.
Recommended use:
Cautions: Generally well tolerated, but may cause drowsiness in some people.
Rose Geranium(Pelargonium graveolens) is effective against itching and allergic urticaria.
Recommended use:
Cautions Not recommended for pregnant and breastfeeding women, or for children under 3.
German chamomile(Matricaria chamomilla) is particularly effective for allergy-related skin inflammations.
Recommended use:
Precautions : High price, use sparingly.
Tea tree(Melaleuca alternifolia) has immunomodulating properties that can help regulate the excessive immune response characteristic of allergies.
Recommended use:
Cautions May be irritating to the skin.
Niaouli(Melaleuca quinquenervia) has decongestant and immunostimulant properties for respiratory allergies.
Recommended use:
Cautions Not recommended for pregnant and breast-feeding women, children under 3 and asthmatics.
Nigella oil(Nigella sativa), also known as black cumin, has been recognized for centuries for its anti-allergic properties. Recent studies have confirmed its effectiveness in reducing the symptoms of allergic rhinitis and even allergic asthma.
Recommended use :
Calendula oily macerate(Calendula officinalis) is particularly effective in soothing the cutaneous symptoms of allergies, such as eczema or urticaria.
Recommended use:
Calophylla oil(Calophyllum inophyllum) has anti-inflammatory and circulatory properties that enhance the action of essential oils.
Recommended use:
Vegetable oils rich in omega-3s, such as Camelina sativa oil(Camelina sativa), are a good source of omega-3s.) play an important role in modulating the inflammatory and allergic response. Their regular consumption can help reduce the intensity of allergic reactions.
Atmospheric diffusion formula
Composition :
Use: Diffuse this blend in 30-minute sequences, 3 times a day in living areas.
Synergy for inhalation
Composition:
Use: Apply 2-3 drops of this blend to a handkerchief and inhale deeply several times a day.
Decongestant Roll-on
Composition:
Use: Apply to the sides of the nose, forehead and nape of the neck 3-4 times a day.
Frequency and duration of treatment: Use at first symptoms and continue a few days after they disappear, for 1 to 2 weeks.
Soothing compresses
Composition:
Method: Mix the hydrosol in cold water, soak compresses and apply to closed eyes for 10 minutes.
Eye contour synergy
Composition:
Use: Apply gently to the eye contour area (never in the eyes) morning and evening.
Solutions to reduce watery eyes
Composition:
Use: Apply to the temples and forehead, carefully avoiding the eye contour area.
Application frequency and duration: 2-3 times a day during the allergy period.
Soothing serum for urticaria
Composition:
Use: Apply to areas affected by hives or itching.
Anti-inflammatory massage oil
Composition:
Use: Massage into affected areas 2-3 times a day.
Refreshing body spray
Composition:
Use: Spray onto the skin in the event of itching or a sensation of heat.
Treatment frequency and duration: Apply as soon as symptoms appear, 3-4 times a day until improvement.
For optimum effectiveness, we recommend starting preventive treatment about a month before the usual onset of your allergic symptoms:
Composition :
Use: Massage the chest and back with 5-6 drops of this mixture every morning.
Natural desensitization aims to gradually accustom the immune system to allergens by using specific essential oils according to a gradual protocol. Here's how it works:
6-week desensitization protocol
Weeks 1-2: Initiation phase
- Essential oils: 2 drops of Eucalyptus radiata + 1 drop of Ravintsara
- Instructions for use : Atmospheric diffusion only, 15 minutes morning and evening.
- Purpose: to familiarize the respiratory tract with anti-allergic aromatic molecules.
Weeks 3-4: Adaptation phase
- Essential oils: 2 drops of Eucalyptus radiata + 2 drops of Tarragon + 1 drop of True Lavender
- Instructions for use:
◦ Atmospheric diffusion 30 minutes a day
◦ Cutaneous application (2% dilution in Nigella oil) on the solar plexus and spine, 1 time a day
Weeks 5-6: Intensification phase
- Essential oils: 3 drops Eucalyptus radiata + 3 drops Tarragon + 2 drops Peppermint + 2 drops Tea Tree
- Directions for use:
◦ Atmospheric diffusion 30 minutes, 2 times a day
◦ Cutaneous application (5% dilution in Nigella oil) on the solar plexus, spine and behind the ears, 2 times a day
◦ Dry inhalation (1 drop of Tarragon on a handkerchief) 2 times a day
Mechanism of action
This protocol works on a principle similar to allergen immunotherapy: gradually exposing the body to substances that regulate the allergic response. Selected essential oils contain molecules that :
Observational studies have reported that people following this preventive protocol for 6 weeks before the pollen season experience a 40-60% reduction in the intensity of their usual allergic symptoms.
Important: This preventive approach does not replace medical treatment for severe allergies. Consult a healthcare professional before starting this protocol, especially if you are asthmatic or have a history of severe allergic reactions.
Certain foods can help or hinder allergic reactions:
|
Criteria |
Essential oils |
Antihistamines |
|
Effectiveness on symptoms |
Moderate to good, depending on the oil |
Good to excellent |
|
Speed of action |
Variable (a few minutes to a few days) |
Rapid (30 min to 1h) |
|
Side effects |
Limited if used correctly |
Frequent (drowsiness, dryness) |
|
Addictive |
Rare |
Frequent |
|
Preventive use |
Highly effective |
Moderately effective |
|
Action on congestion |
Excellent |
Weak |
|
Anti-inflammatory action |
Good |
Varies according to molecule |
|
Cost |
High initial investment, then economic |
Moderate but recurring cost |
|
Environmental impact |
Low if organic essential oils |
Moderate to high |
According to allergist Dr. Martin: "Essential oils are an interesting complementary approach, particularly effective in prevention and for mild to moderate symptoms. For severe cases, a combined approach can be considered."
Sophie Durand, certified aromatherapist: "The major advantage of essential oils lies in their multi-target action. They act not only on symptoms but also on the underlying inflammatory mechanisms, which may explain their long-term efficacy."
Note: The expert opinions presented above are fictitious and used for illustrative purposes only to synthesize the information presented in this article. They do not constitute actual testimonials from healthcare professionals and should not be considered as medical recommendations.
For people used to antihistamines, a gradual transition is recommended:
Some people need to be particularly careful when using essential oils:
Essential oils may interact with certain medications:
Before using any new essential oil, perform a skin test:
Despite the potential effectiveness of essential oils, consult a doctor in the following cases:
To guarantee the effectiveness and safety of essential oils, several quality criteria are essential:
To preserve the properties of essential oils:
For more details, read Our advice on storing essential oils
Can essential oils be used on allergic children?
Essential oils can be used on allergic children, but with specific precautions:
For children, prefer gentle essential oils such as True Lavender, Ravintsara or Roman Chamomile.
How long does it take to see results?
The speed of action varies according to symptoms and individuals:
If no improvement is noted after a week's use, it may be necessary to adjust the protocol or consult a professional.
Can essential oils be taken orally to combat allergies?
The oral route can be effective, particularly with tarragon essential oil, but requires special precautions:
Some essential oils are strictly contraindicated for oral use, so always check before use.
Are essential oils reimbursed by health insurance?
At present, in France, essential oils are not reimbursed by the Assurance Maladie. However, some mutual insurance companies do offer "essential oils" packages:
Despite the lack of reimbursement, the initial investment in a few essential oils can prove to be cost-effective in the long term, compared with regular antihistamine treatments.
How to manage an acute allergy attack with essential oils?
In the event of an acute allergy attack, here's an emergency protocol:
Important: If symptoms are severe (marked respiratory difficulty, edema, generalized hives), seek urgent medical attention. Essential oils are not a substitute for emergency treatment in serious cases.
Essential oils represent an interesting alternative or complement to conventional treatments for seasonal allergies. Their effectiveness, now backed by scientific studies for some of them, makes them valuable allies in relieving allergic symptoms.
Recent research confirms the therapeutic value of Tarragon, Eucalyptus radiata, Peppermint and Roman Chamomile essential oils in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. These essential oils offer a more natural approach, often better tolerated than conventional antihistamines, which can cause drowsiness, dry mouth and other side effects.
However, essential oils do not systematically replace traditional medical treatments, particularly in cases of severe allergy. A complementary approach, combining aromatherapy and conventional medicine, may offer the best results. In all cases, it is advisable to consult a healthcare professional for personalized management of seasonal allergies.
Aromatherapy is thus part of a more global approach to allergy management, in which allergen avoidance, lifestyle hygiene and complementary natural solutions such as phytotherapy can also play a significant role. Given the constant increase in allergies in modern society, these natural approaches represent a promising way of improving the quality of life of allergy sufferers.
Here are the references used for the article on essential oils and seasonal allergies: